ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of injuries among students in Songjiang district, Shanghai, and to provide data support for preventing injuries among students. Methods Data of injury cases among school students in Songjiang from 2017 to 2019 were collected from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), and the demographic characteristics, injury occurrence and clinical characteristics of injuries were analyzed. Results A total of 13 877 cases of injuries in school students were reported from 2017-2019, with a sex ratio of 1.94:1. The education level of the injured students was mainly primary school. The peak incidence months of student injuries were May (9.97%) and November (9.67%). Falls (50.83%) were the leading cause of student injuries, and the top three places of student injuries were at home (30.08%), in schools and public places (28.11%) and on roads/streets (22.97%). The top three activities at the time of the injury were leisure activities (34.62%), sports activities (18.50%), and taking transportation（17.68%）. The top three injury types were bruise/scratch (42.94%), sprain/strain (28.67%) and sharps/bite/open injury (13.53%). The common injury parts were lower limbs (38.39%), head (27.82%) and upper limbs (24.88%). Conclusion The prevention of injuries in school students in Songjiang should focus on male students and low age students, and targeted injury prevention and control work for students of different ages should be carried out.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the changes of thyroid volume before and after supplementation with lipiodol pills in children with goiter, and to evaluate the recovery effect of lipiodol pills supplementation on children with goiter in the short term.Methods:In October 2018, 4 townships and towns in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture with relatively serious historical conditions and high goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 were selected for thyroid examination in 19 primary schools within the jurisdiction. Sixty children with goiter were selected as research subjects; at the same time, 138 children of the same age with normal thyroid B-ultrasound examination results were selected as control in the same period. Under the condition of normal diet, children with goiter were intervened by taking 200 mg lipiodol pills at one time. After 6 months, the thyroid volume of children with goiter and control children was measured by B-ultrasound.Results:Fifty-three children with goiter were finally included, with a sex ratio of 1.00 ∶ 1.04 (26 ∶ 27). There were 138 control children in the same period, with a sex ratio of 1.00 ∶ 1.30 (60 ∶ 78). Six months after taking lipiodol pills, the median thyroid volume of children with goiter was 3.7 ml, which was significantly different from that before supplementing with lipidol pills (5.8 ml, Z = - 7.95, P < 0.001), and not significantly different from that of control children (4.1 ml) in the same period ( Z = - 0.91, P = 0.365). Among them, 90.6% (48/53) of children with goiter recovered to the normal range, and 100.0% (15/15), 81.8% (18/22) and 93.8% (15/16) children's thyroid recovered returned to the normal range in the 8-, 9-, and 10-year-old age groups, respectively, and the highest proportion was in the 8-year-old age group. Stratified by age and gender, the thyroid volume of children with goiter in all age groups and gender after supplementation with lipiodol pills was lower than that before supplementation with lipiodol pills ( P < 0.001), but there was no difference compared with the control children in the same period ( P > 0.05). After supplementing with lipiodol pills, the diameters of thyroid in children with goiter were significantly lower than those before supplementing with lipiodol pills ( P < 0.001). Compared with the control children in the same period, there were significant differences in the right width, left length and right long diameter of the thyroid ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Supplementing lipiodol pills can restore the thyroid volume of 8 - 10 year old children with goiter to normal range in a short term, and can effectively treat simple goiter.
ABSTRACT
Background With the change of the national energy development layout, Qingyang has seen a situation where oil exploitation and agriculture go hand in hand, which may lead to local soil pollution if not taken seriously. Objective To evaluate the distribution characteristics, possible sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals in farmland soils around the main production areas of Changqing Oilfield. Methods A total of 60 farmland soil samples were collected from Zhengning County, Zhenyuan County, and Qingcheng County of Qingyang City, and the contents of heavy metals such lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in farmland soil were detected according to GB 15618-2018 Soil environmental quality—Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (on trial). The soil background value of Gansu Province was used as the denominator in the calculation of pollution index, and the pollution characteristics and ecological characteristics of selected five heavy metals in farmland soil were evaluated by single-factor pollution index (Pi), Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN), and potential ecological risk index. Results The levels of Pb, As, and Hg in farmland soils around Changqing Oilfield, the levels of Cr and Cd in Qingcheng County, and the level of Cd in Zhengning County were higher than the corresponding soil background values of Gansu Province, but lower than the national soil environmental quality standard. The single-factor pollution indexes (Pi) were: Hg, 2.14; Pb, 1.24; As, 1.13; Cr, 0.78; Cd, 0.67, which indicated that Hg were graded as moderate pollution, Pb and As were slight pollution, and Cd and Cr were not polluted. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes (PN) were: Cr, 0.92; Cd, 1.08; As, 1.20; Pb, 1.68; Hg, 3.85, which indicated that Cr was graded as no pollution, Cd, Pb and As were mild pollution, and Hg was severe pollution. The variation coefficients of Hg and Cd in Zhenyuan County and that of Hg in Qingcheng County were 60.00%, 50.00%, and 50.00%, respectively, which were all greater than 50%, indicating that the pollution of above heavy metals in the location was subject to human activities. The potential ecological risk indexes (Er) of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg were 6.20, 1.55, 20.05, 11.28, and 81.64, respectively, indicating that Hg was graded as strong ecological risk, and the other four heavy metals were mild ecological risk. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RRI) was 124.48. Combined with the potential ecological risk index of Hg, the comprehensive potential ecological risk of the five heavy metals in local farmland soils was considered to be at a strong ecological risk level. Conclusion Although the average values of selected five heavy metals in farmland soils surrounding the main production areas of Changqing Oilfield are qualified with the national soil environmental quality standards, they exceed corresponding soil background values of Gansu Province, and there are signs of human influence and potential ecological risks of different degrees.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in local residents aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Methods: Data were obtained from the second round of Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey in Shanghai. Dietary patterns were surveyed by factor analysis. Cognitive tests were conducted to assess subjects' cognitive performance, including verbal recall, verbal fluency and digit test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition performance. Results: A total of 4 132 subjects with complete dietary and cognitive performance test data were included. Factor analysis was used to obtain three dietary patterns: including plant-based pattern, high animal-food pattern, high salt-oil pattern. After controlling for gender, age, education level and other factors, it was found that plant-based pattern (β=0.26,95%CI: 0.17-0.36) and high animal-food pattern (β=0.18, 95%CI:0.06-0.29) were positively associated with total cognitive test score while high salt-oil pattern (β=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.85--0.07) was negatively associated with verbal fluency test score. Conclusion: A dietary pattern with high intake of plant food and appropriate intake of animal food might be associated with better cognitive function of residents aged ≥50 years.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Aging , China/epidemiology , Cognition , Cross-Sectional Studies , DietABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of frailty status on the risk of mortality in a community-based population aged 45 years and above in Shanghai with different characteristics， and to provide further basis for population-based interventions for frailty and prevention of adverse outcomes. MethodsData were derived from baseline data from the Shanghai prospective study on AGEing and adult health （2009-2010） and cohort follow-up of causes of death up to October 30， 2021. Frailty index （FI） scores were constructed from 40 variables. Those with frailty index FI≥0.2 were judged to be in a frail state， and a multifactorial Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio （HR） to evaluate the effect of frailty status on the risk of death in different age groups by gender. Socioeconomic characteristics （age， residence， marital status， education and family economic level， etc.） and health-related behaviors （smoking， alcohol consumption， fruit and vegetable intake， social participation， etc.） were included as control variables. ResultsThe study included 7 978 subjects， 777 （9.7%） of whom were in a frail state. After （11.3±1.8） years of follow-up， 1 043 （13.1%） individuals were dead， including 214 （27.5%） who were frail. The results of the multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that the effect of frailty on the risk of death in each subgroup was in descending order of men in the middle-aged group （45‒ years） （HR=2.92， 95%CI： 1.38-6.19）， women in the low-aged elderly group （60‒ years） （HR=1.68， 95% CI： 1.08-2.60）， and women in the old-aged elderly group （≥75 years and older） （HR=1.59， 95%CI： 1.22‒2.06）. ConclusionFrailty is associated with the risk of death， and we should focus on the frailty status of men aged 45~59 years and women aged 60 years and above. Early screening and assessment of frailty status and taking appropriate preventive interventions may reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes and premature death.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To design a type of wearable cephalic stimulator and verify its feasibility, safety and effectiveness. Methods:The wearable cephalic stimulator was designed based on transcranial electric stimulation and the meridian. From June 2015 to February 2018, 80 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and treatment group (n = 40). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation, and the treatment group was treated with the wearable cephalic stimulator additionally, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment. While, the safety and stability of the device were observed, and the temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, etc. of the patient were recorded. Results:The prototype was successfully produced. There was no significant difference in the scores of FMA and MBI between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The scores of FMA and MBI significantly increased in both groups (t > 2.448, P < 0.05), and they were higher in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.202, P < 0.05) after treatment. The temperature, pulse, and breathing did not change during the treatment with this device, and blood pressure did not increase. Conclusion:The wearable cephalic stimulator is safe, reliable and operability, and could effectively improve the motor function and activities of daily living in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
ABSTRACT
The "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai (2018-2030)" was officially released in August 2018.From the perspective of public health, this paper analyzes the background of the plan from the epidemic situation, response and challenges Shanghai City is facing, expounds the comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases including four functional systems, and explains the key preventive and control measures on the different stages of chronic diseases, comparing the evaluation indicators with those of the national plan.This paper will help to better understand the new blueprint for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai in the next ten years.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate frailty in people aged 50 years and above in Shanghai. Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from 2009 to 2010 among people aged 50 and above in Shanghai in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1. A frailty index (FI) was constructed as the proportion of deficits in 40 variables. A FI of 0.2 or greater was recognized as approaching a frail state. Results A total of 8 632 participants were included, with average age of 63.3 years. The overall weighted prevalence of frailty was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.8-10.4%), the score of FI was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07-0.09), which were both higher among women, elderly people, the divorced (separated/widowed) and individuals with lower levels of education and wealth. In addition, Ageing, insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit and low level of physical activity were significantly associated with frailty and higher FI. Conclusions Our study provides the epidemiological characteristics of frailty in people aged 50 years and older in Shanghai. It highlights the need for targeted preventive approaches and support programs to promote physical, psychological and social health in elderly people.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of exercise preconditioning on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and connexin 43 (Cx43) and pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods:Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 18), model group (n = 18) and exercise preconditioning group (n = 18). The exercise preconditioning group was trained with treadmill for three weeks before modeling. The middle cerebral arteries were occluded in the model group and the exercise preconditioning group using the modified Koizumi suture. After reperfusion of 24 hours, the rats were assessed with modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). The permeability of BBB was observed with Evans blue (EB). The expression of Cx43 and Panx1 was detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the ischemic tissues. Results:Compared with the model group, the mNSS score decreased in the exercise preconditioning group (P < 0.05), while the Evans blue content and the expression of Cx43 and Panx1 decreased (P < 0.05), as well as the the positive areas of Cx43 and Panx1 (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Exercise preconditioning can improve the permeability of BBB in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, which may associate with down-regulation of Cx43 and Panx1, to protect brain from injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association between daily sedentary time and frailty among people aged 50 years and over.@*Methods@#Cross-sectional data was collected from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China. A two-level (individual level and community level) logistic model was performed to identify the association between daily sedentary time and frailty. The dose-response relationship between them was analyzed by restrictive cubic spline curve.@*Results@#A total of 13 175 individuals aged 50 years and over were included for analysis. A positive association between daily sedentary time and frailty was noticed, both in urban (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.17-1.27) or rural areas (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.18) under study. The dose-response curve showed that daily sedentary time and frailty might present an approximate linear relationship.@*Conclusion@#Results from this study showed significant association exsited between daily sedentary time and frailty, approximately with a linear dose-response relationship.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association between sleep duration and frailty among people aged 50 years and over.@*Methods@#Cross-sectional data was collected from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China. Frailty index was constructed on the proportion of deficits, out of the 40 variables. A two-level (individual level and community level) linear model was performed to identify the related factors on frailty. All the models were stratified by age, gender, residence (urban/rural). Restricted cubic spline was performed to graphically evaluate the dose-response association between self-reported sleep duration and frailty.@*Results@#A total of 13 175 individuals aged 50 years and over participated in this study. Without adjusting on any confounding factors, shorter or longer sleep duration significantly increased the risk of weakness compared with normal sleep time (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.71-2.44; OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.12-1.63). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, residence, education, family assets, vegetable, smoking, drinking and physical activity, a positive association between short sleep duration and frailty was noticed compared with normal sleep time (aOR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.27-2.01). The results of stratified analysis on sex, age and urban and rural areas showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, residence, education level, family assets, intake of vegetables and fruits, smoking, drinking and physical activity, only shorter sleep duration was positively correlated with the risk of weakness. In addition, among people aged 65 years and over, adjusted for confounding factors, the risk of weakness increased by 91%, compared with normal sleep time (aOR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.46-2.49). The dose-response curve also showed that the sleep duration and frailty present an approximate "U" shaped relationship.@*Conclusion@#Short sleep duration might be associated with frailty.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical activity level and quality of life among people aged 50 years and over.@*Methods@#From October 2009 to June 2010, 8 872 middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 years and over, were selected from five districts of Shanghai, by multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Both Global Physical Activity Questionnaireand World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL-8) were used to assess the physical activity, level and quality of life. A two-level (individual level and community level) linear model was used to analyze the relationship between physical activity level and quality of life in different age groups.@*Results@#A total of 8 454 individuals aged (63.16±9.74) years were included in this study. 59.95% of the people in this study were with low physical activity level, while 28.00% and 12.05% of them were with medium or high levels of physical activities. The WHOQoL-8 score appeared as 43.91±0.69. The higher the level of physical activity, the lower the WHOQoL-8 score was, referring to a better quality of life (P=0.00). After controlling the confounding factors of socio-economic factors, health status and social participation, the increase of physical activity level showed significant effect in improving the quality of life for the middle-aged and under 80 elderly (P<0.05). However, compared with the low-level, middle and high-level physical activities did not improve the quality of life among the people aged 80 years and over. The P values were 0.06 and 0.47, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Higher level of physical activity appeared its relations to a better quality of life among people aged between 50 and 80, in Shanghai.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 combined with indoor air pollution and handgrip strength among people aged 50 and over.@*Methods@#Data were from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China. Ambient annual concentration of PM2.5 was estimated by using the satellite data we also investigated the use of fuels and chimneys as indoor air pollution. A two-level (individual level and community level) linear model was applied to examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 combined with indoor air pollution and the handgrip strength.@*Results@#A total of 13 175 individuals aged 50 years and over were included for analysis. The handgrip strength was (26.67±0.54) kg. Ambient PM2.5 was found to be significantly associated with the risk of decreased handgrip strength. Outdoor PM2.5 concentration was negatively correlated with handgrip strength (β=-0.23, 95%CI: -0.31 - -0.14) decrease in handgrip strength after adjusting for gender, age, residence, education, household assets, intake of vegetables and fruits, smoking and drinking, physical activity. In rural area, compared to those who used solid fuel, use of clean fuel increased (β=1.41, 95%CI: 0.36-2.46) handgrip strength. But in urban area, we did not find any statistically significant association between the use of clean fuel and handgrip strength (β=0.19, 95%CI: -0.95-1.32).@*Conclusion@#This study found that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 combined with indoor air pollution was significantly associated with low handgrip strength among people aged 50 years and over, this suggested that ambient PM2.5 might serve as one of the risk factors for low physical function seen in the people aged 50 years and over.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the association between edentulism and cognition in people aged 50 and over in China.@*Methods@#Cross-sectional data was collected from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China, among people aged 50 and over in China. A comprehensive cognitive test was used to assess cognitive functions, including verbal recall (VR), verbal fluency (VF), forward digit span (FDS) and backward digit span (BDS) among the subjects. Association between edentulism and cognition was examined by a two-level (individual level and community level) linear model.@*Results@#A total of 12 843 individuals aged 50 years and over were included for analysis, with an average age of (63.0±9.3) years. The overall prevalence of edentulism was 11.0%. The edentulous adults had lower mean scores of VR (4.55), VF (10.88), FDS (6.25), BDS (2.96) and overall cognition (49.15) (P<0.001). Edentulism was negatively associated with VR (β=-0.216, 95%CI: -0.370 - -0.062), FDS (β=-0.186, 95%CI: -0.293 - -0.078) and overall cognition (β=-1.703, 95%CI: -3.025 - -0.381) after adjusted for age, sex, residence, education level, marital status, household income, co-morbidity of chronic conditions, BMI, smoking and drinking alcohol.@*Conclusion@#Edentulism was related with lower cognition level in people aged 50 and over in China.
ABSTRACT
With accelerating and rapid ageing in China, there is an urgent need to collect reliable, valid and cross-nationally comparable data on health in the elderly to provide basis for richer and empirical analysis on the changing health over one’s life course and compression of morbidity. To meet the demands of this growing special population, planning and preparing on related social protection mechanisms (health and pension systems) should also based on evidence-based decision-making process. Based on long-term follow-up, large scale cohort study is indispensible for the etiology of common chronic diseases and disabling conditions. This study aims to introduce the background, project objectives, contents, baseline characteristics, strength and weakness as well as prospect, related to the Study on global AGEing and adult health in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the subjective well-being feelings of people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai by using the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) and explore the related factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2009 to June 2010 among people aged ≥50 years selected through multistage random cluster sampling in Shanghai.DRM was used to assess participants' subjective well-being by net effect and U-index.Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the related factors.Results A total of 8 075 participants were included,with average age of 63.1 years.The mean net effect value was 1.24 (95％CI:1.15-1.33),and the mean U-index was 1.55％ (95％ CI:1.10％-1.99％).After adjusted for demographic factors,univariate liner regression model indicated that age,education level,marital status,family wealth,residence,self-rated health status,WHODAS score and prevalence of chronic disease were associated with subjective well-being,and multivariate liner regression model indicated that higher WHODAS score was associated with lower net effect value (P＜0.05).Conclusion The subjective well-being feelings of people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai might be associated with age,education level,marital status,family wealth,residence,self-rated health status and WHODAS score.Enhanced social support and appropriate social security system might facilitate the improvement of the subjective well-being of the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the associations of obesity and physical activity with cognition in the elderly.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2009 to June 2010 among people aged ≥50 years selected through multistage random cluster sampling in Shanghai.The subjects' body weight,body height,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR),and the data on self-reported physical activity level were collected through questionnaire survey.A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was conducted to assess subjects' cognitive functions,including verbal recall,forward digit span (FDS),backward digit span (BDS),and verbal fluency (VF).General linear model was used to examine the associations of BMI,WHR and physical activity with cognition.Results A total of 7 913 participants were included,with a median age of 60 years.Age,sex,education level,income level,BMI,WHR and physical activity level were significantly associated with cognitive scores in univariate analysis.After adjusted for age,sex,education level and income level,BMI was no longer significantly associated with cognitive scores in all cognitive functions (all P＞0.01).WHR was significantly associated with VF score (P＜0.01).Abdominally obese participants had lower VF score than non-abdominally obese participants (P＜0.01).Physical activity level was significantly associated with all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Compared with participants with moderate physical activity level,participants with low physical activity level had lower scores in all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Conclusion Abdominal obesity and low physical activity level were negatively associated with cognition level in the elderly,suggesting that waist circumference control and physical activity might help maintain cognition in the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the incidence and distribution characteristics of fall related injury in people aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China and related physiological,psychological and social risk factors.Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from adults aged ≥50 years participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) round 1 in China.Two-level hierarchical logistic model was used to identify the related factors for fall-related injury.All the models were stratified by living area (urban/rural).Results Estimated incidence of fall related injury (road traffic injury was not included) was 3.2％.Ageing and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.55,95％CI:1.41-4.64) was significantly associated with the incidence of fall related injury in urban area.In rural area,depression (OR=4.33,95％ CI:2.52-7.42) and multiple chronic conditions (OR=2.46,95％CI:1.37-4.41) were associated with the incidence of fall related injury.Conclusions This study estimated the incidence of fall related injury in adults aged ≥50 years in 8 provinces in China.A significant association between multiple chronic conditions and fall related injury were found in both urban and rural residents.Targeted measures should be taken for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in elderly population.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone graft and facet joint grafting in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with spinal cord compression.Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with thoracolumbar fractures complicated with spinal cord compression from January 2015 to April 2017 in Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital.The patients were divided into two groups in random number table method.Each group of 30 cases.The patients in the observation group were treated with pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone graft and facet joint grafting in the observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with traditional posterior approach root screw fixation and transverse bone graft was performed.Tactile,vertebral height,motion and Cobb's angle of the two groups were evaluated preoperatively and one month after operation.The patients were followed up by phone for six months.The ASIA score of the American Spinal Injury Association was used to evaluate the neurological function recovery of the two groups to observe the curative effect.Using SPSS 13.0 statistical software analysis,count data were expressed as percentage,measurement data were expressed by ((x) ± s),the two groups were compared using t test.Results The tactile sensation,vertebral height,motion and Cobb's angle in observation group were significantly higher than those before operation (59.4 ± 17.3) scores,(58.8 ± 16.6) scores,(55.8 ± 23.6) scores and (54.5° ± 21.4°) scores respectively],in the control group [(75.6 ± 14.9) scores,(72.4 ± 14.5) scores,(76.8 ± 23.3) scores,(76.2° ± 23.5 °)],with statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).After the observation group was followed up for one month,the neurological function recovery was better than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclutions Pedicle screw fixation and injured vertebral bone grafting via percutaneous multifidus muscle interspace can play an important role in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures with compression of the spinal cord.It can significantly relieve spinal cord compression in patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the pollution characteristics and assess the pollution health risks of heavy metals in atmospheric PM2.5 in Lanzhou.@*Methods@#According to the regional characteristics of air pollution and industrial distribution characteristics in Lanzhou, atmospheric PM2.5 was sampled monthly in Chengguan and Xigu Districts from January, 2015 to December, 2016. Detected the concentration of PM2.5 and 12 kinds of elements (Sb, Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se and Tl) by weighing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index were used to describe the pollution characteristics, while health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (USA EPA) model. The health risks of non-carcinogens were evaluated by non-cancer hazard quotient (HQ), the non-carcinogenic risk was considered to be negligible when HQ<1, HQ>1 meant a health risk. With a single contaminant cancer Risk value to evaluate the health risks of carcinogens, when the Risk value between 10-6 to10-4 as an acceptable level.@*Results@#The daily average concentrations of PM2.5 was 83.0 μg/m3, 77.0 μg/m3 in Chengguan and Xigu Districts, respectively, during the sampling periods, and the concentration of PM2.5 in winter/spring was higher than summer/fall in both districts. The concentration of Al in PM2.5 was the highest and other elements in descending order: Pb, Mn, As, Sb/Cd, Tl in both districts. Enrichment factor results showed that Al and Mn were mainly affected by natural factors, the rest of five elements were all typical man-made pollution elements and according to geo-accumulation index pollution level of Cd was the strongest in the winter. The results of health risk assessment showed that Mn had the highest non-cancer risks (HQ>1) and affected the health of the children seriously. HQ reached up to 2.44 and 1.79 in Chengguan and Xigu Districts, respectively. Pb, As, Sb, Cd had slight health impact (HQ<1), could be negligible. The cancer risks range of As, Cr were 6.33×10-6 to 6.46×10-5 between the acceptable level of risk (10-6 to 10-4), which indicated that As and Cd had potential cancer-risks.@*Conclusions@#The pollution level of atmospheric PM2.5 and the heavy metals in it was still grim;the non-cancer risks caused by multiple metals on children deserved attention. Although the cancer risks of As and Cd were between the acceptable level of risk, the potential cancer risk still shall not be ignored.